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Ecological compensation based on willingness to accept for conservation of drinking water sources

Linyu XU,Bing YU,Yang LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 58-65 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0688-3

摘要： Ecological compensation is a powerful environmental economic tool for environmental protection in areas where drinking water sources are located. We established an ecological compensation accounting system based on respondents’ willingness to accept (WTA). In this system, stakeholder preferences and the factors that influence them can be gauged effectively using logit and tobit models. We applied this accounting system to ecological compensation for the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China. The average WTA value for Miyun Reservoir residents was approximately 1186 CNY per family in 2012, which could be set as a suitable compensation standard, since it is slightly higher than the local protection cost. Thus, the annual total ecological compensation could be 58.73 million CNY. Distance from the reservoir, job types, and attitude to environmental protection were variables with significant effects on WTA. In addition, trends for individual preferences were identified via an analysis of key influential factors. The results suggest some useful information for establishing ecological compensation mechanisms for conservation of drinking water sources. Suggestions include popularizing the concept and meaning of ecological compensation among residents, setting different compensation levels based on distance from the reservoir, considering the requirements of farmers, and taking various in-kind and out-of-kind compensation approaches.

关键词： contingent valuation method questionnaire survey Miyun Reservoir

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我国铁路工程勘察设计质量指标和因素统计分析

谢洪涛,陈帆

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第4期页码 96-100

摘要：

为深入了解我国铁路勘察设计质量的现状，开展了较大范围的问卷调查工作。调查的内容主要包括两个部分：铁路勘察设计质量的现状以及影响铁路勘察设计质量的主要因素。在问卷调查的基础上，利用SPSS软件对统计数据进行了频数分析、描述性统计分析、相关性分析、因子分析等。通过对调查问卷的统计计算，分析了我国铁路勘察设计质量的现状及存在的主要问题，分析了影响我国铁路勘察设计质量的主要因素，并提出了相应的对策。

关键词：勘察设计质量评价竞争机制主成分相关性分析

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Identification of surgical patients at high risk of OSAS using the Berlin Questionnaire to detect potential

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 189-195 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0533-8

摘要：

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) increases the risk of post-surgery complications. This study uses Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) to identify Chinese adult surgical patients who are at a high risk of OSAS and to determine if the BQ could be used to detect potential high risk of adverse respiratory events in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). Results indicated that only 11.4% of the patients were considered at a high risk of OSAS. Age and body mass index are the key factors for the risk of OSAS prevalence in China and also gender specific. Furthermore, the incidence of adverse respiratory events in the PACU was higher in patients with high risk of OSAS than others (6.8% vs. 0.9%, <0.001). They also stayed longer than others in the PACU (95±28 min vs. 62±19 min, <0.001). Age, high risk for OSAS, and smoking were independent risk factors for the occurrence of adverse respiratory events in the PACU. The BQ may be adopted as a screening tool for anesthesiologists in China to identify patients who are at high risk of OSAS and determine the potential risk of developing postoperative respiratory complications in the PACU.

关键词： obstructive sleep apnea Berlin Questionnaire Chinese surgical patients adverse respiratory event

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引发产业变革的颠覆性技术内涵与遴选研究

孙永福,王礼恒,孙棕檀,王崑声,胡良元,崔剑,徐源,康熙瞳

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第5期页码 9-16 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.05.002

摘要：

引发产业变革的颠覆性技术具有技术突破性、产品替代性、市场广泛性与产业变革性特征，会对社会发展和人民生活产生深远的影响。本文首先从产业和技术角度出发，提出引发产业变革的颠覆性技术内涵；其次，建立相应的指标评价体系；最后，通过两轮问卷调查，以定性和定量相结合的方式，遴选出20多项引发产业变革的颠覆性技术，从而为进一步研究颠覆性技术与产业变革间的规律、开展技术预测工作提供支撑。

关键词：产业变革颠覆性技术指标评价体系遴选调查问卷

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A survey on assembly lines and its types

Ullah SAIF,Zailin GUAN,Baoxi WANG,Jahanzeb MIRZA,Shiyang HUANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第2期页码 95-105 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0302-1

摘要：

Assembly lines are useful for mass production of standard as well as customized products. Line balancing is an important issue, in this regard an optimal or near optimal balance can provide a fruitful savings in the initial cost and also in the running cost of such production systems. A survey of different problems in different types of assembly lines and some of the critical and on going research areas are highlighted here. The provided research information is momentous for the research community in assembly line area to proceed further in the presented issues of assembly lines.

关键词： assembly lines line balancing survey

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我国重大工程项目决策阶段工作现状与问题问卷调查分析

谢洪涛,王孟钧

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第1期页码 18-23

摘要：

介绍了问卷的设计思路和主要内容，在对调查的数据进行了整理后，采用spss软件进行了频数分析、描述性统计分析、相关性分析以及交叉列联表分析。统计数据表明对于决策主体的约束激励机制还有待于进一步完善；目前前期研究工作深度基本能够满足决策需要，而决策工作质量并不理想。相关性分析表明决策者的工作态度是影响前期研究工作深度的主要因素；而对决策工作质量影响最大的因素依次为决策工作是否严谨、前期工作的深度是否满足决策要求、决策主体责任是否明确。多数被调查者认为有必要对我国重大工程项目的立项开展不可行性研究。

关键词：重大工程项目决策阶段问卷调查相关性分析

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Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

LU Hao, ZHU Lizhong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 125-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0023-3

摘要： The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92% 100%, 91% 104%, and 0.26 0.82 ng/m, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159 0.2828 mg/m with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m. The average concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043 0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health.

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A survey of instantaneous poles for a class of two-degree-of-freedom spherical mechanisms

Soheil ZARKANDI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第4期页码 344-353 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0320-z

摘要：

This paper is a detailed exploration of instantaneous poles for a class of two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) spherical mechanisms (SMs) with seven links or bars. For two-DOF SMs, the secondary instantaneous poles (the ones which cannot be found by direct inspection) must lie on the specified great circles. For many of these mechanisms, however, some of these great circles cannot be obtained by a direct application of Aronhold-Kennedy theorem. This paper presents geometrical and analytical techniques to locate these unknown great circles for three topologies of seven-bar two-DOF SMs.

关键词： spherical mechanisms instantaneous poles Aronhold-Kennedy theorem great circles pencil of meridian

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A survey of physical activity among urban women in China

Shilin DENG MD, Tongyuan LIU,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 463-469 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0081-y

摘要： Few studies have been conducted to assess the level of physical activity (PA) of women in China. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of PA among women in Wuhan and explore sociodemographic and behavioral correlation to PA for the population. A total of 1359 community-dwelling women (42.9713.60 years old) participated in this study. The long-version IPAQ was used to define the level of PA. 45.7% of women were considered physically active, and 27.5% were vigorously active. The proportion of physical inactivity was around 26.8%. The total and 4 domains of PA showed significant age, education level, and occupation variation. PA tended to be lower as the age declined. PA in transportation, housework, leisure time, and the total tended to be the lowest or the second lowest among the women aged 18–35 years old. PA tended to be lower as the level of education increased. Among the 5 indices, PAwas the lowest among women with college education, especially those with postgraduate education. PA tended to be the lowest among the women of office staff and instructor or technician. Generally, the total and 4 domains of PA showed significant age, education level, and occupation variation. Physical inactivity appears to be more common among younger women, or college-educated women, office ladies, and female instructor and technicians.

关键词： physical activity urban women China

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关联规则挖掘算法综述

毕建欣,张岐山

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第4期页码 88-94

摘要：

介绍了关联规则挖掘算法的基本原理，并按照挖掘中涉及到的变量数目（维数）、数据的抽象层次和处理变量的类别（布尔型和数值型），依次对关联规则挖掘算法的研究进行综述，并对一些典型的算法进行分析和比较，最后展望了关联规则挖掘算法的研究方向。

关键词：数据挖掘关联规则算法综述

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A survey of decorative materials on the energy consumption of mid-rise residential buildings in Mashad

Masoud Taheri SHAHRAEIN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 490-497 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0068-4

摘要： Polyvinylchloride (PVC) panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings. It is about five years that the people incline to redecorate the ceiling of old buildings with PVC panel in big cities of Iran, such as Mashad. In this study, the influence of ceiling PVC panel on the cooling and heating loads of studied apartment were determined by software DeST-h. In addition, the summer natural ventilation of the mentioned apartment is investigated by determining the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The evaluation of environment indoor wind velocity showed that most of the apartment space is a comfortable zone. The results of studied building analyses demonstrated that using PVC panel on the ceiling can decline the energy consumption of the penthouse (fifth level) of the investigated building, which is about 3.7% and 7% for studied methods of without and with air layer, respectively. In addition, although the existence of air layer can decline the cooling and heating loads, the increase in air layer thickness did not show significant decrease on building energy consumption. However, the PVC panel is expensive and is not suitable to be used for ceiling thermal insulation, but adding a thin layer of air between ceiling and PVC panel can be a good step toward sustainable building, when the people are inclined to utilize it as a decorative ceiling.

关键词： residential apartments natural ventilation energy consumption decorative materials Mashad

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中国区域地质调查现代化与加强深部调查

赵文津

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第6期页码 25-32

摘要：

从对区域地质调查的任务出发，总结了过去区域地质调查工作的特点，即基本上是沿用传统方式进行的。提出和论述了21世纪中国区域地质调查应有新发展，以适应战略转变的要求，即除去运输、通讯、记录及数字化成图等之外，更应当面向土地资源、矿产资源、地质灾害以及提高环境质量的需要，用现代地学理论指导进行多学科的调查和采集、整理资料，实现3维多参数填图和理论概括，是关系现代地质科学发展的、具有深远战略意义的事。几十年的调查工作已证明深部的地质构造情况与地表层的观察结果是不一样的，与依据地表地质构造情况推测的深层情况也很不同。今后应加强深部探测，发展深部探测技术，取得不同深度层次的高分辨率成像图案，使人们对地球的认识提高到一个新的高度，形成新的空间—时间观念，以更有效地解决我国及地球的资源环境问题。

关键词：区域地质调查深部探测资源环境

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Public perception of environmental issues across socioeconomic characteristics: A survey study in Wujin

Jun BI, Yongliang ZHANG, Bing ZHANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 361-372 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0017-4

摘要： In developing countries, there is controversy over the correct perception regarding environmental and developmental issues. Few studies have examined the perception of low-income nationals in regards to social and environmental issues. This paper looks at the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the groups’ perceived priority regarding environmental and social issues in Wujin County. The results indicated that most residents, specifically the young, government employed and the urban community consider environmental issues to be serious, especially in relation to air pollution and water pollution. Furthermore, many residents feel it is important to rank environmental problems that are related to other social and economic issues, and that environmental protection must be set as a priority in Wujin County. Compared to social issues, environmental concern was greater among the young, government employed, and the urban community, because of their higher education and affluence. In addition, 66.2% of residents consider environmental protection to be more important than economic development. Thus, environmental protection must be set as a high priority in Wujin County, in order to face the many social and environmental challenges inherent in development.

关键词： socio-economic characteristics environmental perception sustainable development policy making

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Survey on deep learning for pulmonary medical imaging

Jiechao Ma, Yang Song, Xi Tian, Yiting Hua, Rongguo Zhang, Jianlin Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 450-469 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0726-4

摘要： As a promising method in artificial intelligence, deep learning has been proven successful in several domains ranging from acoustics and images to natural language processing. With medical imaging becoming an important part of disease screening and diagnosis, deep learning-based approaches have emerged as powerful techniques in medical image areas. In this process, feature representations are learned directly and automatically from data, leading to remarkable breakthroughs in the medical field. Deep learning has been widely applied in medical imaging for improved image analysis. This paper reviews the major deep learning techniques in this time of rapid evolution and summarizes some of its key contributions and state-of-the-art outcomes. The topics include classification, detection, and segmentation tasks on medical image analysis with respect to pulmonary medical images, datasets, and benchmarks. A comprehensive overview of these methods implemented on various lung diseases consisting of pulmonary nodule diseases, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and interstitial lung disease is also provided. Lastly, the application of deep learning techniques to the medical image and an analysis of their future challenges and potential directions are discussed.

关键词： deep learning neural networks pulmonary medical image survey

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Sustaining health workforce recruitment and retention in township hospitals: a survey on 110 directors

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 239-250 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0392-0

摘要：

Township hospitals, the main provider of rural primary healthcare in China, are severely understaffed. International studies on factors influencing rural working are increasing; however, studies on factors affecting the recruitment and retention of health workers in Chinese township hospitals are limited. The current study aims to understand the motivation of health workers and arrive at a systematic framework of pluralistic factors that would help support health workers in terms of receiving posts and remaining in posts in township hospitals. A three-stage integrated quantitative and qualitative methodology was employed. First, a survey on 120 directors of township hospitals was conducted to learn the latest status of health workers in township hospitals and distinguish existing problems. Second, after sending these problems back to the directors, an open-ended pen-and-paper survey was conducted to ask the directors to identify the factors influencing the attraction and retention of health workers in township hospitals. Third, four focus groups were conducted to gauge the underlying reasons. Five problems from the questionnaire survey were recognized, and numbers of thematic factors were identified at the individual, professional, and treatment environment from the pen-and-paper survey and focus group. Similar to other studies, this framing of both non-financial and financial elements affected the attraction and retention of health workers in township hospitals, thereby filling the gap in a Chinese context. Although several factors had been recognized earlier, our findings further highlighted the importance of these factors. Meanwhile, the factors identified in this study were barely explored in literature. This paper identifies and develops multi-faceted factors to call for a bundled package of multidimensional incentives if decision-makers get interested. The evidence-based findings in our study can be used to provide China-specific policy recommendations on how to recruit and retain health workers in rural areas of China.

关键词： recruitment retention health workers township hospitals rural regions